Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
15 A general explanation of what is VFRBs and how they work. terms
- Activation energy barrier
- phrase
- The sum of the energy that must be expended to get the reaction going.
V. V. Zhirnov and R. K. Cavin, “Basic physics of ICT,” Microsystems for Bioelectronics, pp. 19–49, 2015.
- Example: Activation losses are caused by activation energy barrier of elec-trochemical reactions.
Pugach, M., Kondratenko, M., Briola, S., & Bischi, A. (2018). Zero dimensional dynamic model of vanadium redox flow battery cell incorporating all modes of vanadium ions crossover. Applied Energy, 226, 560–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.05.124
- ru: Энергия активации
- Charge-discharge cycle
- The process of charging a rechargeable battery and discharging it as required into a load.
- Example: The results showed that the major contribution in the capacity decay, observed in charge-discharge cycles, belongs to convection driven component, which dominates under migration and diffusion.
Pugach, M., Kondratenko, M., Briola, S., & Bischi, A. (2018). Zero dimensional dynamic model of vanadium redox flow battery cell incorporating all modes of vanadium ions crossover. Applied Energy, 226, 560–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.05.124
- Current density
- noun
- The amount of electric current traveling per unit cross-section area.
- Example: Excitingly, the battery is able to be stably operated for more than 20,000 cycles (about 8 months) at a high current density of 600 mA cm-2.
Jiang, H. R., Sun, J., Wei, L., Wu, M. C., Shyy, W., & Zhao, T. S. (2020). A high power density and long cycle life vanadium redox flow battery. Energy Storage Materials, 24, 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.07.005
- ru: Плотность тока
- Electrolyte
- Noun
- A medium that contains ions and is electrically conducting due to the motion of those ions but does not conduct electrons is called an electrolyte.
Enderby, J. E., & Neilson, G. W. (1981). The structure of electrolyte solutions. Reports on Progress in Physics, 44(6), 593–653. https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/44/6/001
- Example: This difference can be caused by ion-pairing and incomplete dissociation of vanadium species in electrolyte solution, similar to the interactions assumed to occur in sulfuric acid VRFB electrolyte, or because the factual concentration of the free HCl in the vanadium electrolyte samples was lower than 3 M.
Roznyatovskaya, N., Noack, J., Mild, H., Fühl, M., Fischer, P., Pinkwart, K., Tübke, J., & Skyllas-Kazacos, M. (2019). Vanadium electrolyte for all-vanadium redox-flow batteries: The effect of the counter ion. Batteries, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010013
- ru: Электролит
- Ion transport
- Noun
- Ion transport involves moving ions from one electrode to another through an electrolyte to establish a potential between them. A membrane that separates the electrodes allows ions to pass through while blocking electrons to prevent a short-circuit.
Yang, H., & Wu, N. (2022). Ionic conductivity and ion transport mechanisms of solid‐state lithium‐ion battery electrolytes: A review. Energy Science & Engineering, 10(5), 1643–1671. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1163
- Example: In addition to theflowfield design, the mass and ion transports arealso decided by theflow rate of electrolyte. The highflow rate can in-crease the pressure drop between neighboring channels, and thereforeenhance the under-rib convection of electrolyte.
Jiang, H. R., Sun, J., Wei, L., Wu, M. C., Shyy, W., & Zhao, T. S. (2020). A high power density and long cycle life vanadium redox flow battery. Energy Storage Materials, 24, 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.07.005
- ru: Перенос ионов
- Mathematical model
- An abstract description of a concrete system using mathematical concepts and language.
- Example: The following assumptions are made in deriving the mathematical model under consideration. Pugach, M., Kondratenko, M., Briola, S., & Bischi, A. (2018). Zero dimensional dynamic model of vanadium redox flow battery cell incorporating all modes of vanadium ions crossover. Applied Energy, 226, 560–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.05.124
- ru: Математическая модель
- Membrane
- Noun
- The performance of VRFB is closely related to the properties of membrane, as it not only provides transport pathways for protons, but also blocks the crossover of vanadium ions.
Jiang, H. R., Sun, J., Wei, L., Wu, M. C., Shyy, W., & Zhao, T. S. (2020). A high power density and long cycle life vanadium redox flow battery. Energy Storage Materials, 24, 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.07.005
- Example: Thin layer of material which separates one electrode from another.
Jiang, H. R., Sun, J., Wei, L., Wu, M. C., Shyy, W., & Zhao, T. S. (2020). A high power density and long cycle life vanadium redox flow battery. Energy Storage Materials, 24, 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.07.005
- ru: Мембрана
- Ohmic polarization
- noun
- The resistance of the media during the flow of electrical current through the cell.
- Example: Therefore, future efforts should be taken not only to reduce the contact resistance between neighboring components, but also to judiciously tailor the ion and mass transports in the porous electrode to further reduce the ohmic polarization and enhance the battery performance.
Jiang, H. R., Sun, J., Wei, L., Wu, M. C., Shyy, W., & Zhao, T. S. (2020). A high power density and long cycle life vanadium redox flow battery. Energy Storage Materials, 24, 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.07.005
- ru: омическая поляризация
- Permeability
- Noun
- In electromagnetism, permeability is the measure of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field.
- Example: Such adaptation can be done changing the coefficientsrelated to physical membrane properties (e.g. permeabilities or watercontent), but not changing governing equations.
Pugach, M., Kondratenko, M., Briola, S., & Bischi, A. (2018). Zero dimensional dynamic model of vanadium redox flow battery cell incorporating all modes of vanadium ions crossover. Applied Energy, 226, 560–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.05.124
- ru: Магнитная проницаемость
- Solution
- noun
- A homogeneous mixture of two or more components in which the particle size is smaller than 1 nm.
- Example: 1 mL solution samples were collected from Chamber B at regular time intervals, and then 1 mL solution with 1.1 M MgSO4 3.0 M H2SO4 was immediately added to Chamber B to maintain a constant solution volume.
Jiang, H. R., Sun, J., Wei, L., Wu, M. C., Shyy, W., & Zhao, T. S. (2020). A high power density and long cycle life vanadium redox flow battery. Energy Storage Materials, 24, 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.07.005
- ru: Раствор
- spectroscopy
- noun
- Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets the electromagnetic spectra that result from the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter as a function of the wavelength or frequency of the radiation.
- Example: We completed an optical spectroscopy study to evaluate whether the species of V(IV) or V(III) complexed with counter ion were present in electrolyte samples.
Roznyatovskaya, N., Noack, J., Mild, H., Fühl, M., Fischer, P., Pinkwart, K., Tübke, J., & Skyllas-Kazacos, M. (2019). Vanadium electrolyte for all-vanadium redox-flow batteries: The effect of the counter ion. Batteries, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010013
- ru: спектроскопия
- State of Charge (SoC)
- phrase
- State of charge (SoC) measures how charged an electric battery is in relation to its capacity. SoC is measured in percentage points (0 percent = empty, 100 percent = full). The depth of discharge (DoD), which is the opposite of SoC (100 percent = empty; 0 percent = full), is an additional way to express the same measurement. SoC is typically used to describe the state of a battery as it is currently being used, whereas DoD is typically used to describe the battery's lifespan after repeated use.
- Example: The initial values of vanadium ions concentrations in the tank and in the half-cell were obtained from initial value of battery state of charge.
Pugach, M., Kondratenko, M., Briola, S., & Bischi, A. (2018). Zero dimensional dynamic model of vanadium redox flow battery cell incorporating all modes of vanadium ions crossover. Applied Energy, 226, 560–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.05.124
- ru: Уровень заряда
- titration
- Noun
- Process of chemical analysis in which the quantity of some constituent of a sample is determined by adding to the measured sample an exactly known quantity of another substance with which the desired constituent reacts in a definite, known proportion.
- Example: For this purpose, we analysed the V(V)samples of electrolytes (I-V5-H2SO4, I-V5-HCl, and II-V5-HCl), which were prepared by electrolysis (Table 1), by titration after storage at room temperature for several weeks.
Roznyatovskaya, N., Noack, J., Mild, H., Fühl, M., Fischer, P., Pinkwart, K., Tübke, J., & Skyllas-Kazacos, M. (2019). Vanadium electrolyte for all-vanadium redox-flow batteries: The effect of the counter ion. Batteries, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010013
- ru: Титрование
- Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB)
- Phrase
- A kind of rechsrgeable flow battery. As charge carriers, vanadium ions are used. In order to create a battery with a single electroactive element rather than two, the battery makes use of vanadium's capacity to exist in a solution in four different oxidation states.
Alotto, P., Guarnieri, M., & Moro, F. (2014). Redox flow batteries for the storage of renewable energy: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, 325–335. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.001.
- Example: Accordingly, to ensure a long operation of VRFB it is compulsory to investigate the capacity decay mechanism caused by crossover and to develop reliable capacity restoration methods.
Pugach, M., Kondratenko, M., Briola, S., & Bischi, A. (2018). Zero dimensional dynamic model of vanadium redox flow battery cell incorporating all modes of vanadium ions crossover.Applied Energy, 226, 560–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.05.124
- ru: Ванадиевая проточная батарея
- Сatholyte
- noun
- A catholyte is the part of an electrolyte which is on the cathode side of an electrochemical cell that is effectively divided into two compartments.
- Example: The poor thermal stability of the catholyte at state-of-charges (SoC) higher than 80% is awell-known issue for electrolytes based on sulfuric, methane sulfonic acids, or mixtures of both.
Roznyatovskaya, N., Noack, J., Mild, H., Fühl, M., Fischer, P., Pinkwart, K., Tübke, J., & Skyllas-Kazacos, M. (2019). Vanadium electrolyte for all-vanadium redox-flow batteries: The effect of the counter ion. Batteries, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010013
- ru: Католит